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Article History

Received: 15 August 2025

Accepted: 24 November 2025

First Online: 8 December 2025

Competing interests

: This study was funded by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Chugai). Authors R.S., K.T., M.L., A.N.K., and K.O. are employees of Chugai and received salaries from the company. Authors J.I., Y.T., Y.S., K.O., Y.K., and K.M. are employees of Preferred Networks, Inc. (PFN) and received salaries from PFN. Authors Y.O.T., R.T., Y.Ha., and Y.Hi. received compensation from Chugai or PFN for conducting the experiments in this study.Author K.T. holds stock options in Chugai.Two patent applications related to this study are pending:• One filed by PFN (Application number: 2024-544238; Inventors: JI, YS; Status: Before request for examination), covering the section “Efficacy of radiomics-based detection for inter-organ adhesions.”• One jointly filed by Chugai and PFN (Application number: PCT/JP2025/004820; Inventors: R.S. (listed as SAKAI), M.L., K.T., J.I., Y.T., Y.S., K.O., Y.K., K.M.; Status: Pending), covering the three models described in the “Results” section.All other authors declare no competing interests.