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Authors
Huang, Tzu-Chuan
Chen, Jia-Hong
Hsieh, Jason Chia-Hsun
Lien, Ming-Yu
Ho, Ching-Liang
Chang, Pei-Hung
Hsieh, Meng-Che
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted following the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of E-Da Hospital (EMRP-114-014), the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (20250305B0), the Institutional Review Board of China Medical University Hospital (CMUH114-REC2-078), and the Institutional Review Board of Tri-service General Hospital (B202405200). Due to the retrospective design of the study, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of E-Da Hospital.
