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Authors
Qiu, Tao
Hu, Chaoran
Zhang, Jingyu
Wu, Fuli
Wang, Huiming
Liu, Xiangtao
Sun, Mouyuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82501180)
Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LQN25H140004)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024T170782, 2023M743009)
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Article History
Received: 31 August 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Human Research Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, reviewed and approved the research involving human participants. This study collected samples from patients during 2024–2025. Written informed consent for participation in the study was obtained from all participants and/or their parent(s)/legal guardian(s). All procedures were conducted according to the Helsinki Declaration’s outlined guidelines. The ethics number was No: 2025-066.
