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Authors
Shaibani, Mohammad Javad
Fazaeli, Ali Akbar
Daroudi, Rajabali
Radinmanesh, Maryam
Emamgholipour Sefiddashti, Sara
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted with the support of TUMS. The ethical approval for this study was obtained from the TUMS board, under the formally registered code number [IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1403.031]. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, as outlined at .
: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) [ethic code: IR.TUMS.SPH.REC.1403.031]. The committee determined that the requirement for obtaining informed consent was waived, as it was not applicable to the nature of this research [retrospective analysis of anonymized data]. The decision was rendered by the TUMS Ethics Committee, in accordance with prevailing national regulations and institutional guidelines.
