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Authors
Yang, Xijun
Li, Hui
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Article History
Received: 27 October 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study involves industrial engineering research conducted at coal mine facilities. All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with operational safety regulations and received approval from the mine management and safety supervisory authorities. No human subjects were involved in the experimental protocols beyond routine operational personnel performing standard duties. All data collection complied with relevant industrial safety standards and privacy regulations.
: All authors have reviewed and approved the final manuscript for publication. The mine facility management has provided consent for the publication of operational data in anonymized form. No personally identifiable information of individuals has been included in this manuscript. Informed consent was obtained for the publication of image in Fig. 9.
