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Authors
Ziye, Liu
Yuying, Zhao
Ziyuan, Mao
Zhimin, Han
Xinhua, Li
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Article History
Received: 27 July 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
: The current study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of HeBei Medical University (No.2024-R758). After obtaining consent from the guardian via telephone, the informed consent form was included in the surveylink. Participants who agreed to the informed consent continued to complete the questionnaire, while those who did not agree exited the survey link.
