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Authors
Han, Hee-seung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-3246
Kim, Hyunkyung https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9704-0996
Lee, Narasaem https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-8204
Kim, Semin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-6556
Kim, Sungtae https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4104
Cho, Young-Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-5988
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00349549)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2022-NR067350)
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HI23C0544)
Seoul National University
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Article History
Received: 11 August 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal procedures, including selection, housing, and surgical interventions, were reviewed and approved by the Osstem Implant Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Approval No. OST-IACUC2310). All procedures were performed in accordance with a modified version of the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines.
