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Authors
Ishiyama, Sumire https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1650-6885
Matsumura, Akira
Hayakawa, Mikito
Kohno, Yutaka
Ishikawa, Eiichi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer Independent Medical Education Grant (93891819)
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences (approval numbers: e484, e490). The survey was distributed via a mobile application installed on guardians’ smartphones, as well as by providing a QR code on printed materials. It was expected that the survey would be accessed and completed via the parent’s or legal guardian’s device. Participation was voluntary, and completion of the questionnaire was considered to indicate informed consent by the parent or legal guardian.
