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Authors
Dejene, Fitsum Mesfin https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1801-013X
Ayano, Yehualashet Megersa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-2240
Feyisa, Degaga Wolde https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-881X
Debelee, Taye Girma https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-2021
Mekonnen, Hiwot Taye
Gessesse, Girum Woldegebreal
Merga, Zelalem Chimdesa
Molla, Hasset Tamirat
Mulie, Destaw
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Article History
Received: 25 March 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines established by the National Ethical Review Board (NERB). Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of the Addis Ababa Health Bureau, with official letter reference number/A/H/6009/227, issued on 17/03/2016 (Ethiopian Calendar), corresponding to 27/11/2023 (Gregorian Calendar). Informed consent was obtained from all adult participants prior to undergoing fundoscopic imaging.
