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Authors
Shoda, Shinya
Kozak, Alexandra
Watanabe, Chuichi
Shiono, Ai
Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mitsubishi Foundation Research Grants in the Humanities (202420018)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (P508078428)
Horizon Europe; European Research Council (101087964 MILWAYS)
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study analyzed human skeletal remains recovered as archaeological heritage from the Ostriv site in Ukraine, dating to approximately 11th century AD (approximetely 900 years ago). As research involving ancient human remains does not include living individuals or any personally identifiable information, it is exempt from ethics review under the policies of the authors’ affiliated institutions. We obtained permission to study these human skeletal materials, including the studied human bones, from the Institute of Archaeology of Ukrainian Academy of Science (Kyiv, Ukraine), which is responsible for the excavation and curation of the remains from the Ostriv site.
