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Authors
Sayed, Amira Fathy Abdallah
Arafa, Mostafa Ahmed
El-Nimr, Nessrin Ahmed
Banawan, Karim Ahmed Samy
Abdou, Marwa Shawky https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-6606
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Alexandria University
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Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The present study utilized existing retrospective data obtained from electronic records/databases and did not involve direct interaction with human participants or collection of new data. The identifiable/private information was used solely for research purposes under the approval by the Ethics Committee of the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Egypt (IRB No.: 00013692, serial No.: Au09245282132). The study was performed in accordance with the international ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki 29 . The researchers obtained informed consent from the dean of the High Institute of Public Health before using the electronic records of the students. Anonymity and confidentiality were assured and maintained at all steps of data analysis.
