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Authors
Yang, Shaobo
Li, Kai
Suo, Yong
Zhang, Zhe
Chen, Houyuan
Lin, Yuda
Fu, Chong
Qie, Yunkai
Shen, Chong
Hu, Hailong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Scientific Research Project of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (2022ZD069)
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Article History
Received: 24 May 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in strict compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol received formal approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (Approval No. KY2021K003). Written informed consent was obtained from all participating subjects prior to enrollment, and documentation is retained in the hospital’s ethics archives.
: Not applicable.
