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Article History

Received: 9 October 2025

Accepted: 28 November 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors and does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

: This study did not involve any experimental research on humans or animals; hence, an approval from an ethics committee was not applicable in this regard. The data collected from the online forums are publicly available data, and no personally identifiable information of the forum users were collected or used for this study.

: The full source code for the PromptGuard framework, including all modules (input filtering, prompt formatting, output validation, and adaptive refinement), has been deposited in a public GitHub repository under the MIT license: . A ZIP archive of the same has also been included as supplementary material for reproducibility.