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Authors
Chen, Yan
Gao, Lingli
Song, Xiaolei
Wu, Mingli
Li, Ruiqing
Su, Kaiqi
Lv, Zhuan
Gao, Jing
Feng, Xiaodong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3503705)
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The CHARLS was ethically approved by the institutional review board at Peking University (Nu: IRB00001052–11015), and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: All participants signed written informed consent.
