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Authors
Ozkan, Merve
Ozcan, Caner
Bumgardner, V. K. Cody
Gokmen, Mahmut S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study used publicly available, de-identified histopathological image data from human tissue samples (NCT-CRC-HE dataset). All data were collected with appropriate ethical approval by the original data providers, and no additional ethical approval was required for this secondary analysis. No personally identifiable information or live animals were involved.
