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Authors
Ran, Guangyao
Luo, Zhiwei
Li, Xiaoning
Tang, Xiangzhong
Lu, Yao
Lan, Weizhong
Yang, Zhikuan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key scientific research project of Aier Eye Hospital Group (AR2003D2)
Hunan major R&D project (2019SK2051)
Hunan major R&D project (2019SK2051)
Hunan Province Optometry Engineering and Technology Research Center (2020TP2003)
Hunan Province Optometry Engineering and Technology Research Center (2020TP2003)
Hunan Province International Cooperation Base for Optometry Science and Technology (2020CB1002)
Hunan Province International Cooperation Base for Optometry Science and Technology (2020CB1002)
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE disclosures form. All authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. This work was supported by the Hunan major R&D project (2019SK2051), Key scientific research project of Aier Eye Hospital Group (AR2003D2); Hunan Province Optometry Engineering and Technology Research Center (2020TP2003); Hunan Province International Cooperation Base for Optometry Science and Technology (2020CB1002). Subjects: Human subjects were included in this study. The trial was approved by the ethics committee of Changsha Aier Eye Hospital (ID: 2022KYPJ008) and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent for each child was obtained from a parent/guardian.No animal subjects were used in this study.
