Waterfield, Scott
Yousefi, Paul
Suderman, Matthew
Article History
Received: 14 March 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref: 217065/Z/19/Z) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. This publication is the work of the authors will serve as guarantors for the contents of this paper. A comprehensive list of grants funding is available on the ALSPAC website ( ). S.W. is supported by Cancer Research UK (C18281/A30905). P.Y., M.S., and S.W. are supported via the following: Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol (MC_UU_00032/3, MC_UU_00032/5) and the Cancer Research UK Integrative Cancer Epidemiology programme (C18281/A29019). P.Y. and M.S. are also supported by the National Institute for Health and Care Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.