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Article History

Received: 16 June 2025

Accepted: 5 December 2025

First Online: 10 December 2025

Change Date: 27 February 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this Article was revised: In the original version of this Article E. Biffi was incorrectly affiliated with Affiliation 1. The correct affiliation is Affiliation 5: ‘Scientific Institute IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza, 20, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.’ The original Article has been corrected.

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The data from center 1 was collected between 2019 and 2024, retrospectively, as part of the routine clinical care (Prot. 075 − 23, date of approval: 13/02/2023). The retrospective protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of ALYN Pediatric and Adolescent rehabilitation center, and the need for ethical approval was waived by the committee due to the retrospective research design. The data from center 2 were collected as part of prospective research studies between 2014 and 2020 (Prot. 108, date of approval: 18/02/2014; Prot. 10-15CE, date of approval: 10/02/2015; Prot. 355, date of approval: 22/09/206; prot. 454, date of approval:20/04/2017). All protocols were approved by the Ethics Committee of IRCCS E. Medea, and patients or their parents provided written informed consent. The datasets were reused in this manuscript after anonymization.

: Approval was provided by the parent/legal guardian of the children/adolescents who appeared in Fig.  .