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Authors
Hu, Yaohua
Zhu, Xueyan
Liu, Yingying
Yang, Liming
Sun, Zhanshan
Zhang, Xiaoxuan
Li, Jian
Li, Xinyang
Gao, Xinyu
Yu, Mengyuan
Cui, Wenpeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jilin Province Medical and Health Talent Special Project (2024WSZX-B01)
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Article History
Received: 17 August 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: In this study, the Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Jilin University Hospital approved the study (No.2024317). This study is a retrospective investigation that does not involve the collection or use of patients’ private information. It has been reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee (No. 2024317), and the requirement for informed consent has been waived. The research strictly adheres to ethical guidelines, ensuring full compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Our study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.
