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Authors
Malaquias Souto, Paula https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6995-9146
Santos, Soraia Sousa https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8154-6530
Sarmento, Artur https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3736-1531
de Liz Ronsani, Aline https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-1567
Tomaz, Ana Luísa https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5743-6546
Azevedo-Pereira, Henrique M. V. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8978-3202
Leston, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9040-2294
Ramos, Fernando https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-819X
Sousa, José Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-4296
Capela, Nuno https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-3207
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 6 December 2025
First Online: 22 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Individuals of V. v. nigrithorax were collected from both private properties and public spaces. For collections on private properties, consent from the owners was obtained. In public areas, permission for collection was given by local authorities responsible for treating nests. Moreover, no special authorization is necessary to keep this species in laboratory conditions or to conduct insect animal testing within the EU. The fieldwork did not involve any endangered or protected species.
