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Impact of smart energy on a three-echelon closed-loop supply chain management with reduction of carbon emissions

Published Online: 2025-12-30

Authors

Bar, Nilkamal

Sangal, Isha

Sarkar, Biswajit
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-30

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-19
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Article History

Received: 30 September 2025

Accepted: 7 December 2025

First Online: 30 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All authors confirm to submit the paper.

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