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Authors
Gebre, Tesfaye
Haile, Mitiku
Tewolde-Berhan, Sarah
Birhane, Emiru
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education, Ethiopia
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Article History
Received: 8 May 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted with formal approval from the Vice President for Research and Technology Transfer at Mekelle University. An official permission letter from the department of land resources management and environmental protection was submitted to the administrative offices of Tselemti district, and the Tselemti Agricultural and Rural Development Office. Verbal consent was obtained from all relevant authorities and farmers in the district. This was done after the main objectives of the study were clearly explained with the assistance of local language translators. No endangered or threatened species were collected or included in the study.
