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Authors
Rahman, Md Mostafizur
Heme, Morsheda Akter
Rity, Mehnaz Amrin
Jhumur, Tahmina Sultana
Jannatun, Rifa
Alam, Edris
Hossain, Md. Kaium
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
BUP research Centre
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 8 December 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study received formal ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh (Reference No.: 23.0.902.858.07.786.24/41). In addition, this study was approved as a research project by the Department of Disaster Management & Resilience, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All study procedures complied with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments 59 . Informed consent was obtained from every participant before data collection, after clearly explaining the study objectives, the voluntary nature of participation, potential risks, and the right to withdraw at any time without consequence. To ensure participant privacy, no personally identifiable information was collected, and all survey data were anonymized at the point of entry. Data were stored on devices accessible only to authorized research personnel, and all analyses were conducted using aggregated data to prevent participant identification.
