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Authors
Goh, Hyunseop
Heo, Taeyang
Kim, Jeongwon
Kim, Yunlim
Lim, Bumjin
Woo, Myung Kyun
Choi, Kwan Yong
Kim, Choung-Soo
Kim, Jongmin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (2021R1A6C101A390)
Korea Health Industry Development Institute (RS-2023-00304637)
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 25 December 2025
Declarations
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: T.H., K.Y.C. and J.M.K. are the named inventors on a provisional patent application related to the technologies developed in this work. H.G., J.W. K., Y.K., B.L., M.K.W., and C.S.K. declare no potential conflict of interest.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The experimental plan was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (Seoul, Republic of Korea/IRB No. 2019-1312). Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. The protocols for the human urine assay were approved by the Ethics Committee of the Asan Medical Center, and the human urine assays were performed in accordance with the approved guidelines.
