Yu, Hao
Qiu, Kun
Yu, Dongzhi
Liu, Yang
Xu, Shun
Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University on March 13, 2025 (Approval No. AF-SOP-07-1.2-01). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection, in accordance with ethical standards for human research. I confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines. All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.