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Article History

Received: 14 November 2024

Accepted: 10 December 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study does not involve any clinical, animal, human tissue, or biological sample-related experimental research. This study does not involve discussions related to racial identities, personal religious beliefs, political views, financial information, sexual orientations, or any other personal privacy topics. All data and information were collected and recorded anonymously, without any actions that would infringe upon the privacy, dignity, health, or human rights of human participants. We confirm that all methods and procedures in this article were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, which comply with ethical regulatory requirements. Thus, this research has been approved by the Anyang Institute of Technology’s (AYIT) ethical review.