An, Andy Y.
Baghela, Arjun
Zhang, Peter
Blimkie, Travis M.
Gauthier, Jeff
Kaufmann, Daniel E.
Acton, Erica
Lee, Amy H. Y.
Levesque, Roger C.
Hancock, Robert E. W.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-154287)
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (COVID-19 Rapid Research Funding)
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CGS-D)
Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (COVID-19 Rapid Research Funding)
Article History
Received: 21 February 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Competing Interests
: RH has filed for patent protection all-cause sepsis endotype signatures, utilized here for analysis, and licenced these to Sepset Biosciences Inc., a subsidiary of Asep Medical Holdings Inc., in which he has a significant ownership position and serves as CEO and Board Chair. PZ is employed by Sepset Biosciences. The other authors declare no competing interests.