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A novel parametric scaled exponential linear unit activation function for deep residual networks in short-term load forecasting

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32564-z

Published Online: 2026-01-07

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Liu, Junchen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-867X
Ahmad, Faisul Arif https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6910-7162
Samsudin, Khairulmizam https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9280-4086
Hashim, Fazirulhisyam https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-5643
Abidin Ab Kadir, Mohd Zainal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7263-2953
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-07

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-20
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Article History

Received: 31 July 2025

Accepted: 10 December 2025

First Online: 7 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.