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Authors
Chen, I-Chieh
Jiang, Yu-Han
Hsiao, Tzu-Hung
Chao, Wen-Cheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC 113-2314-B-075A-005)
National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (MOST 109-2314-B-075A-005)
Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-1143903B)
Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-1114402C)
Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-1124401C)
Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-TCVGH-1134401C)
Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-1134401D)
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Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 10 December 2025
First Online: 24 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research project was approved by the ethics committee of Taichung Veterans General Hospital Institutional Review Board (IRB no. CE22110A), and all of the participants gave written informed consent form according to the Helsinki declaration.
