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Authors
Zhang, Zixi
Ma, Yingxu
Xiao, Yichao
Dai, Yongguo
Lin, Qiuzhen
Liu, Chan
Wang, Cancan
Tu, Tao
Liu, Qiming
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82200367)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82300357)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82470333)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82070356)
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2023JJ30791)
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (2021JJ30033)
Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project of Hunan Science and Technology Agency (2021SK53519)
Chinese Society of Cardiology’s Foundation (CSCF2024B02)
Key Project of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation (2024JK2119)
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Article History
Received: 17 August 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant institutional guidelines. The protocol was reviewed by the Ethics Committee of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University and granted an exemption from formal human-subjects review and from patient informed consent because no individual-level patient data, patient reports, medical records, or biospecimens were collected or used. All participating clinicians provided informed consent prior to participation.
: All the authors participated in the study and made significant intellectual contributions to the manuscript.
: This manuscript is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere, and the work reported will not be submitted for publication elsewhere until a final decision has been made as to its acceptability by the journal.
