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Authors
Alwhaibi, Reem M.
Alanzan, Renad
Aldamok, Remas
Aldafas, Lamya
Alanazi, Reema
Alwahibi, Ajwan
Mortada, Eman
Aygun, Yalin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Researchers Supporting Project (PNURSP2025R117)
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Article History
Received: 31 May 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 15 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (IRB log number: 24–0598). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, confidentiality, and their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.
