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Authors
Huang, Tang-Hsiu
Hou, Hsin-Yu
Chang, Han-Yu
Hu, Chia-Hao
Kuo, Hung-I.
Er, Hong-Ping
Wu, Yu-Wei
Lin, Chien-Yu
Tseng, Yau-Lin
Wang, Ju-Ming
Huang, Li-Ting
Weng, Chia-Tse
Lin, Sheng-Hsiang
Shieh, Chi-Chang
Wu, Chao-Liang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Cheng Kung University Hospital (NCKUH-11306007)
National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan (NSTC 113-2327-B-006-001)
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 14 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Taiwan’s Human Subjects Research Act. The protocol received joint approval from the Institutional Review Board of National Cheng Kung University Hospital (approval numbers B-ER-105-390; A-ER-109-321; A-ER-111-595; B-ER-113-004). All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
