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Authors
Osman, Shaza
Ibrahim, Abdelhai
Abd, Azzam
Afifi, Elaal
Elaal, Abd
Sulieman, Yassir A.
Ahmed, Ahmed Mohamed Osman
Saad, Alhaj
Ali, Mohamed Ahmed
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Article History
Received: 10 August 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 13 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Ministry of General Education. All fathers of participants provided written informed consent after being fully informed about the purpose and procedures of the study. Through the school principals, there was enlightenment for teachers, especially the supervisors of the targeted classes. Participation was entirely voluntary, and student were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty or consequence. Confidentiality and privacy were strictly maintained throughout the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and ethical approval was obtained from ethics committee in Shendi University. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
