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Article History

Received: 12 August 2025

Accepted: 11 December 2025

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

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: This study does not involve human participants, animals, or sensitive personal data. All simulations and analyses were conducted using original or publicly available datasets, and all data sources have been properly cited. The research follows standard ethical guidelines for scientific integrity, transparency, and responsible data usage.

: The authors declare no competing interests. The authors declare that the research was conducted without commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.