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Article History

Received: 30 April 2025

Accepted: 12 December 2025

First Online: 16 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study states that data was collected from volunteers for academic purposes without violating privacy, with the approval of the Chinese National Information Technology Research Institute. Given the nature of the study and in accordance with the guidelines of the Academic Committee at the Chinese National Information Technology Research Institute, ethical approval was considered unnecessary.

: The experimental campaign was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent, having fully understood the study’s purpose and procedures. Research data will be kept strictly confidential and used solely for the purposes of this study, with anonymization applied during analysis. The study posed no significant risks, and any potential discomfort was minimal and unlikely to occur. Participation was completely voluntary and could be withdrawn at any time. Subjects could refuse to complete activities if they felt uncomfortable in any way. All data collected will be treated confidentially and will not be accessible to anyone outside the project without explicit permission. Informed consent was obtained from the participants to use their facial image for this publication, with an understanding that it may be disseminated in print, digital, or online formats for the specified purpose.