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Authors
Zou, Jinzhi
Kamarudin, Khairul Manami
Abidin, Sazrinee Zainal
Zhang, Jiaqi
Liu, Jing
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This project was approved by Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects Universiti Putra Malaysia. (Reference number: JKEUPM-2025-019). The studies were conducted in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements.
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
