Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 October 2025

Accepted: 16 December 2025

First Online: 22 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This study involved minimal risk and non-invasive testing of soccer players. No personally identifiable information was collected at any stage. As the Health Management College of Xianning Vocational Technical College does not have a dedicated Institutional Review Board (IRB) or equivalent ethics committee, the research protocol was reviewed and approved as exempt from formal ethical review by the Research Office of the Health Management College, Xianning Vocational Technical College. All procedures were conducted in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation. No formal ethics approval number was issued due to the exemption status.

: All participants provided written informed consent for their anonymized data to be used in academic publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.