Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 August 2025

Accepted: 16 December 2025

First Online: 21 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study utilized publicly available marine fishery resource data and satellite-derived oceanographic measurements that do not involve human subjects or animal experimentation, thereby satisfying ethical requirements for environmental data analysis. All data sources employed in this research were accessed through legitimate channels with appropriate authorization and compliance with data provider policies. Fishery catch records obtained from the National Fisheries Database of China were used under formal data sharing agreements that stipulate data confidentiality, appropriate use restrictions, and acknowledgment requirements. The research team adhered to all terms of these agreements, including anonymization of vessel-specific information and aggregation of data to temporal resolutions that protect commercially sensitive information. Satellite-derived oceanographic data from NASA’s Ocean Color Web portal are publicly available without restrictions and were used in accordance with NASA’s Earth Science Data and Information Policy. Meteorological data from the China Meteorological Administration were accessed following registration procedures and compliance with stated data use policies. The research was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines for environmental data analysis at Hebei University and adheres to international standards for responsible conduct of research. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Economics, Hebei University (Approval Number: HBU-ECO-2024-015, Date: March 15, 2024), which reviewed the study protocol, data management procedures, and potential societal impacts of the research findings. The ethics review confirmed that the study poses no risks to human subjects, animal welfare, or environmental integrity, and that the research objectives align with principles of sustainable marine resource management and ecosystem conservation. All research activities were performed in compliance with relevant guidelines and regulations governing environmental research in China.