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Authors
Ding, Yi
Zhao, Yi
Bai, Xuecheng
Lu, Junjie
Gao, Benjian
Yuan, Yuan
Yang, Xiaoli
Li, Bo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sichuan University-Luzhou Municipal People’s Government Strategic Cooperation Project (No. 2023CDLZ-17)
Luzhou Municipal People’s Government-Southwest Medical University Scientific and Technological Strategic Cooperation Project (No. 2021LZXNYD-P03)
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Article History
Received: 14 July 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The studies involving human participants were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. All studies were conducted in accordance with local laws, regulations, and institutional requirements. The IRB granted a waiver of informed consent and approved the sharing of research resources. Author Ding has completed the relevant online ethics training course and examination (Certification number: 66973490). As this study complied with the requirements of the Declaration of Helsinki and the data in the MIMIC-IV database is anonymized and standardized, written informed consent from the participants or their legal guardians/next of kin was not required.
