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Authors
Alqaraleh, Muhyeeddin
Al-Batah, Mohammad Subhi
Alzboon, Mowafaq Salem
Alourani, Abdullah
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zarqa University
Jadara University
Qassim University (QU-APC-2025)
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study involving retrospective anonymized MRI data from Jordanian hospitals was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan (Approval No. KAUH-2025-036).
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee, national regulations, and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: A waiver of informed consent was granted by the IRB for the use of retrospective anonymized data.
