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A hybrid improved binary GWO-PSO with random forest (IBGWO-PSO-RF) based intrusion detection model for large-scale attacks in IoT environment

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-33242-w

Published Online: 2026-01-05

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Al Abdulwahid, Abdulwahid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-7787
Alqahtany, Saad Said https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3299-2873
Syed, Darakhshan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-5847
Al Reshan, Mana Saleh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-9608
Rajab, Khairan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1260-5854
Shaikh, Asadullah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-9130
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-05

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-26
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Article History

Received: 19 October 2025

Accepted: 17 December 2025

First Online: 5 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.