Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Lai, Yi-Chen
Yu, Ting-Sian
Hung, Kuo-Chuan
Hsu, Chih-Wei
Lin, Chien-Ming
Chen, I-Wen
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chi Mei Medical Center, which granted a waiver of informed consent in compliance with its observational research regulations (IRB number: 11403-E01).
: Informed consent was not required for this retrospective study, as it involved secondary analysis of pre-existing data without any interventions or direct participant interaction.
