An improved Grey Wolf Optimizer based on mutation operator, evolutionary population dynamics, and nonlinear population size reduction strategy
Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-33301-2
Published Online: 2025-12-23
Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy
Zhang, Yufei
Li, Tao
Yang, Hua
Chen, Weifang
Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-23
Version of Record valid from 2026-01-26
Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.