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Authors
Oh, Won-Oak
Heo, Yoo-Jin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-0802
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Korea University, South Korea (No. 2407971)
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Article History
Received: 4 August 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 23 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved as exempt from review by the Institutional Review Board of Korea University (IRB No. KUIRB-2025-0317-01) due to the use of publicly available secondary data. The data were fully anonymized and de-identified prior to access by the authors, and no personal identifying information was used. Therefore, informed consent from individual participants was not required. This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
