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Article History

Received: 22 August 2025

Accepted: 19 December 2025

First Online: 27 January 2026

Declarations

:

: N Sadetsky, L Nguyen, and A Taylor are full-time employees of Gilead Pharmaceuticals who, in the course of this employment, have received stock options exercisable for, and other stock awards of, ordinary shares of Gilead Pharmaceuticals, plc. P Prince is a full-time employee of Aetion, Inc. and holds stock options in Aetion. H Latimer is a prior employee of Aetion Inc. Y Natanzon is a full-time employee of ConcertAI, and holds stock options in ConcertAI. P Advaani receives from Gilead, Agendia, Astra Zeneca-DSI, Caris Life Sciences, Seagen/Pfizer, Atossa Therapeutics, Modulation Therapeutics, Biovica International, Loxo Lilly, Sermonix, Menarini Stemline, Elephas, and Puma, serves on the advisory board for Epic Sciences, Biovica International, Astra Zeneca, DSI, Hesian Labs, Elephas, Belay diagnostics, Merck, Astrin and Biosciences, and consults for GE Healthcare, AstraZeneca, MJH Lifesciences, Menarini Stemline, Iksuda Therapeutics, Breathe Biomedical, Guardant Health, and DSI. D. Smith-Gaziani is grant funded by Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation. N. Freemantle has received funding for consulting from Gilead, Sanofi Aventis, ALK Abello, Orion, Argenx. P. Kaufman has stock and other ownership interests from Amgen and Johnson&Johnson, has received honoraria from Lilly, Eisai, AstraZeneca, Sermonix Pharmaceuticals, and Genentech/Roche, has consulted for Polyphor, Genentech/Roche, Eisai, Lilly, Pfizer, Merck, AstraZeneca, Seagen, Sermonix Pharmaceuticals, and Gilead, and has received research funding from Eisai, Polyphor, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Zymeworks, and Sermonix Pharmaceuticals.