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Authors
Shi, Chenge
Wang, Xiangyu
Tian, Junlong
Cheng, Longzheng
Chen, Jun
Wang, Pukui
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 19 December 2025
First Online: 11 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Capital university of physical education and sports (2023A0203). All athletes signed informed consent to participate in this study.
: The full item content of all measurement scales (PARS-3, PTM, PRS, PES) used in this study has been made available as part of the supplementary materials accompanying this manuscript.
