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Authors
Ghaffar, Raahim Salman Abdul
Malik, Raiqa
Amjad, Muqaddas
Nadeem, Ruba
Admani, Muhammad Saad
Sanaullah, Anas
Altamash, Sara
Ahmed, Naseer
Heboyan, Artak
Jouhar, Rizwan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Faisal University (KFU251177)
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Article History
Received: 26 February 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 25 December 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The research ethics and review community of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine has granted ethical clearance to carry out this research task. Ethics Review Committee reference number: AIDM/ERC/01/2024/02. The participants provided informed written consent to participate in the study.
: Informed consent has been obtained from participants involved in this study.
