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Authors
Owusu-Asenso, Christopher M.
Abdulai, Anisa
Sraku, Isaac K.
Attah, Simon K.
Aboagye-Antwi, Fred
Afrane, Yaw A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health ((R01 A1 123074, R03 AI 186018 and D43 TW 011513))
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics and Protocol Review Committee of the College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana (protocol identification number: CHS-Et/M.8-P4.6/2023–2024). Meetings were conducted at each study site with the chiefs, community leaders, and residents to introduce the research. Permission to conduct the study at the various sites was obtained from the community leaders. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for medical research. Meetings were held at each study site with chiefs, community leaders, and residents to introduce the research. Permission to conduct the study at the various sites was obtained from community leaders. Verbal informed consent was obtained residents for mosquito sampling activities.
