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Authors
Matsuda, Shimpei
Mori, Takayuki
Kasai, Mariko
Kohyama, Kuniko
Shimada, Tadayuki
Sakuma, Hiroshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Grant-in-Aid for Research on Measures for Intractable Diseases (21FC1005)
A grant for Research on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases and Immunization (22HA1003)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (22K07831)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: For human experiments, This study was approved by the Review Board of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (No. 15-3, 18-3 and 21-2). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their guardians prior to enrollment. All experiments were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki for human research. For animal experiments, All experiments were approved by the Review Board of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science (No. 15-3, 18-3, and 21-2). Furthermore, all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the ARRIVE guidelines for animal research. The methods used for anesthesia and euthanasia adhered to the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals (2020).
