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Article History

Received: 31 July 2025

Accepted: 24 December 2025

First Online: 17 January 2026

Declarations

:

: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used ChatGPT and DeepL in order to improve readability. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: Christopher Kmen reports financial support was provided by OTTO Immobilien GmbH. Christopher Kmen reports a relationship with OTTO Immobilien GmbH that includes: employment and funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: This study was reviewed by the TU Wien Research Ethics Committee (Reference No. 048_022024_TUWREC). Deceiving participants was justified to enable the unbiased evaluation of real estate prediction models in realistic decision-making contexts.

: Christopher Kmen reports financial support was provided by OTTO Immobilien GmbH. Christopher Kmen reports a relationship with OTTO Immobilien GmbH that includes: employment and funding grants. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.